Guide

The Hebrew alphabet: all 22 letters and how to pronounce them

Hebrew is written right to left with 22 letters, all consonants. Here's the full chart in order, with each letter's name, its English sound and its final forms.

Updated November 11, 2026

How to read Hebrew

The Hebrew alphabet (alef-bet) is read from right to left. There are no capital letters. The letters are consonants: vowels are added as small dots and dashes (nikud), or left out entirely in everyday Hebrew.

Hebrew alphabet chart, in order

The 5 final letters

Five letters change shape at the end of a word: כ → ך (kaf), מ → ם (mem), נ → ן (nun), פ → ף (pe), צ → ץ (tsadi). The sound stays the same.

Bet or vet, kaf or khaf, pe or fe

Three letters have two sounds. With a dot in the middle (the dagesh) you say b, k, p. Without it, v, kh, f. In everyday unvocalized Hebrew, you learn the right sound along with the word.

Hebrew vowels (nikud)

Vowel marks go under, inside or above the letters. They're used for learning, in children's books and in poetry. Here on the letter ב:

Hebrew cursive

When writing by hand, Israelis don't use print letters but a rounder cursive script. You need both: print to read, cursive to write and read handwriting.

Learn the alphabet with Daber

In Daber, the alphabet is step one: every letter, in print and cursive, with its sound, then your first words. From there you keep going the ulpan way, from Aleph to Dalet.

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